{"id":2202,"date":"2025-08-04T16:08:07","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T09:08:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kthtx.vn\/?page_id=2202"},"modified":"2025-08-04T16:08:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T09:08:08","slug":"chuong-3-van-de-an-ninh-bao-mat-trong-thuong-mai-internet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/chuong-3-van-de-an-ninh-bao-mat-trong-thuong-mai-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"CH\u01af\u01a0NG 3: V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 AN NINH, B\u1ea2O M\u1eacT TRONG TH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ea0I INTERNET"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG\u00a03: V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 AN NINH, B\u1ea2O M\u1eacT TRONG TH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ea0I INTERNET\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1. An ninh trong Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An ninh trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng<\/strong> c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a an ninh trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Confidentiality):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>
  • T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Integrity):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>
  • T\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng (Availability):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p khi c\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (DDoS) l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.<\/li>
  • X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c (Authentication):<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (2FA) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc.<\/li>
  • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn (Non-repudiation):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o trong giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda an ninh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i (Malware):<\/strong> Virus, Trojan, Ransomware, Spyware c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>
    • T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o (Phishing):<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>
    • T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (DoS\/DDoS):<\/strong> L\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>
    • SQL Injection:<\/strong> T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/li>
    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS):<\/strong> Ti\u00eam m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o trang web \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>
    • \u0110\u00e1nh c\u1eafp danh t\u00ednh (Identity Theft):<\/strong> K\u1ebb x\u1ea5u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi gian l\u1eadn.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      3.2. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt M\u00e3 h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      M\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u (v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c – plaintext) sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a – ciphertext) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3.2.1. M\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (Symmetric Encryption \/ Secret-key Encryption)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      • Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> cho c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3. Kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/li>
      • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nhanh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>
      • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a an to\u00e0n \u2013 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed9?<\/li>
      • Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>
        • DES (Data Encryption Standard):<\/strong> Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u0169 h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li><\/ul>
          • 3DES (Triple DES):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a DES, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li><\/ul>
            • AES (Advanced Encryption Standard):<\/strong> Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              3.2.2. M\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (Asymmetric Encryption \/ Public-key Encryption)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              • Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a<\/strong> ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:
                • Kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai (Public Key):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eedi cho ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u00f3a, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/li><\/ul>
                  • Kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (Private Key):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                  • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. An to\u00e0n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1.<\/li>
                  • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>
                  • Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>
                    • RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman):<\/strong> Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 HTTPS, ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1.<\/li><\/ul>
                      • ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong Elliptic, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi RSA nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3a ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        3.2.3. H\u00e0m b\u0103m (Hash Functions)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                        • Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o) th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m – hash value ho\u1eb7c digest). H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m) v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/li>
                        • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>
                          • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp nhau, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li><\/ul>
                            • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec l\u01b0u m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u g\u1ed1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103m v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                            • Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong> MD5 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n an to\u00e0n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt), SHA-1 (c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi), SHA-256, SHA-512<\/strong> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hi\u1ec7n nay).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              3.2.4. H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai (PKI – Public Key Infrastructure)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                              • Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy tr\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 s\u1ed1 (digital certificates) v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai\/ri\u00eang t\u01b0. PKI l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>
                              • Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai th\u00f4ng qua Ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 s\u1ed1 (Digital Certificates)<\/strong> v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c (Certificate Authority – CA)<\/strong>. CA l\u00e0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>
                              • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> SSL\/TLS (HTTPS), ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a email, VPN.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                3.3. An to\u00e0n trong Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                An to\u00e0n trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro an ninh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda. An to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                3.3.1. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua (Consumer):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o:<\/strong> K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eef hoa, ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u d\u1ec5 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/li>
                                • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (2FA\/MFA):<\/strong> Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e3 OTP g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c).<\/li>
                                • Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 SSL\/TLS (HTTPS):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o website c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3a xanh tr\u00ean thanh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/li>
                                • C\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c email, tin nh\u1eafn l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o (Phishing):<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n qua email\/tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>
                                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng Wi-Fi an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean Wi-Fi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>
                                • Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>
                                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n uy t\u00edn, v\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n (Business):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt website v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7:<\/strong>
                                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SSL\/TLS (HTTPS):<\/strong> B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li><\/ul>
                                      • T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda (Firewall) v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\/ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (IDS\/IPS):<\/strong> B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/li><\/ul>
                                        • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul>
                                          • Sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                                          • B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>
                                            • M\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/strong> M\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00f4ng tin thanh to\u00e1n khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/li><\/ul>
                                              • Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Nh\u01b0 GDPR (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), CCPA (California), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/li><\/ul>
                                                • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gian l\u1eadn (Fraud Detection Systems):<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                                                • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean:<\/strong> N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an ninh m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n.<\/li>
                                                • Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng minh b\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean website.<\/li>
                                                • Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an ninh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (penetration testing) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                  3.3.2. An to\u00e0n thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                                  An to\u00e0n thanh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  • Giao th\u1ee9c SSL\/TLS:<\/strong> B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho m\u1ecdi trang thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/li>
                                                  • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebb thanh to\u00e1n (PCI DSS – Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard):<\/strong> Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>
                                                  • M\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb:<\/strong> Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n), th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c token h\u00f3a (chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m).<\/li>
                                                  • X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c 3D Secure:<\/strong> C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Verified by Visa, Mastercard SecureCode y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 OTP \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t giao d\u1ecbch, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ebb.<\/li>
                                                  • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gian l\u1eadn:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi giao d\u1ecbch, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u1eafn c\u1edd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd nh\u01b0 mua s\u1eafm b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp.<\/li>
                                                  • Tokenization (M\u00e3 h\u00f3a Token):<\/strong> Thay th\u1ebf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t “token” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/li>
                                                  • V\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n trung gian:<\/strong> C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 PayPal, MoMo, ZaloPay, VNPay \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u1eebng website, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                    CH\u01af\u01a0NG\u00a03: V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 AN NINH, B\u1ea2O M\u1eacT TRONG TH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ea0I INTERNET\u00a0 3.1. An ninh trong Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed An ninh trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1369,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2202","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","grid-sizer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2202"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2205,"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2202\/revisions\/2205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kthtx.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}